百年五四三国青年谈两代人的一个中国梦

今天是五四青年节，五四运动100周年。

100年前，一战结束后“巴黎和会”召开，列强不顾中国反对，将战败国德国在山东的“权益”移交给日本。

1919年5月4日，中国青年知识分子振臂高呼“外争主权，内除国贼”，发起了一场彻底的反对帝国主义和封建主义的运动。

“时间之河川流不息，每一代青年都有自己的际遇和机缘，都要在自己所处的时代条件下谋划人生、创造历史。”

今天中国青年身处的中国和世界，与五四运动时期完全不同，但如今的中国青年在追求中国梦、实现中华民族伟大复兴的道路上，仍受到五四精神的影响。

为了纪念五四运动一百周年，中国外文局旗下公众号China Focus采访了两位年轻的专业人士，与之探讨中国青年如何能像百年前的同龄人一样，在世界历史上留下自己的印记。

▲ 世界银行和渣打银行前金融分析师张佳琪(中国)，《年轻的中国：不安的一代将如何改变中国和世界》一书作者戴三才(美国)，与主持人托马斯·斯格贝尔(英国)一起分享了他们对中国青年的独到见解，并阐述了中国青年为一个充满活力、潜力和希望的世界而奋斗时，五四运动的自豪感和爱国精神将如何永远伴随着他们，激励着他们。

戳视频☟

China Focus: 如何描述中国的千禧一代?

How would you characterize a Chinese Millennial?

戴三才：中国的千禧一代是一个庞大的人口群体，但他们不像西方那样被定义为千禧一代。相反，中国是按每10年划分代际。因此，80后、90后这“两代人”的结合造就了这个庞大的年轻人群体，他们改变了中国站在世界角度审视自我的眼光。

Zak Dychtwald: China's Millennials are an enormous demographic but they aren't defined as Millennials, like in the West. Instead, China divides generations by decades. So, the post-eighty's post-ninety's generations are combined to make this massive group of young people who are changing how China sees itself in the world.

张佳琪：我属于80年代末这个群体。与90后相比，我们更勤奋，但是他们更开放，更自由。我们几乎从早学到晚学习，甚至在放学后还要参加课外辅导班，就是为了高考而做准备。

Kelly Zhang: I'm part of the late eighty's group. We are more hard-working than the ninety's generation, who are more open-minded and have more freedom. We study really hard, usually all day and night because we need to pass the National College Entrance Examination. After-school we also take other courses to help us prepare.

China Focus: 在中国成长的经历与西方国家有什么不同?

How is growing up in China different from western countries?

戴三才：在中国的孩子，其童年的课程设置与西方有着根本的不同。我在加利福尼亚长大。早上我在练习游泳时，中国的同龄人在学习。放学后，当我在辩论队演讲时，中国的同龄人还在学习。如果你在美国或者欧洲是校足球队的队长，每当你在练习时，你的中国同龄人都在学习。因为学习可能是定义中国青年人最重要的要素。

Zak Dychtwald: The project of childhood in China is fundamentally different from what we have in the West. When I was growing up in California and I was at swimming practice, my peer in China was studying. After school, when I was speaking as part of the debate team, my peer in China was studying. If you were the captain of the football team, whenever you're at practice, your peer in China was studying. The study culture of Chinese life is the most defining element of being young in China.

▲ 毕业于哈佛大学的美籍华裔林书豪目前效力于美国职业篮球联赛多伦多猛龙球队。

Jeremy Lin, a Harvard-educated Chinese-American, now plays for the Toronto Raptors in the NBA.

张佳琪：中国的学生受到很强的驱动，他们要考入名校，这种驱动力来自于中国文化和中国式家长。中国式家长十分关注孩子的成长，但是他们对孩子寄予太多的期望，这是因为他们想让孩子们实现他们从未实现过的梦想。

Kelly Zhang: Chinese students are really driven to get into a top school and this drive comes from Chinese culture and their parents. Chinese parents are really keen for their children to grow-up well but they put too much hope on their children. This is because they want their kids to fulfil dreams that they never could.

▲ 在中国文化中，“百善孝为先”。

In Chinese culture, it is very important to take care of your parents when they are older.

戴三才：这其中的文化因素非常重要。在中国文化中，有一种被称为“反哺模式”的概念，它来自于鸟巢的引申意义。鸟妈妈和鸟爸爸喂养他们的孩子，直到小鸟宝宝长大，有能力离开家并组建家庭。一旦他们准备好组建自己的家庭，鸟妈妈和鸟爸爸会期望小鸟们能回来照顾他们。中国的这一传统历史悠久，而且一直都延续得很好，直到近期才渐渐出现了问题。

Zak Dychtwald: The cultural side of this is really important. In China, there's something called the return and feed model. It comes from the idea of a nest. The mama and papa bird feed their child until the baby bird is old enough to leave and start a family. Once they're ready to start their own family, the expectation is that when mama and papa bird are older, they come back and takes care of them. This is a system that worked really well up until very recently.

China Focus: 你的中国梦是什么?

What is your Chinese Dream?

张佳琪：在我成长的过程中，我经历得越多，梦就做得越大。在世界银行工作了几年之后，我开始有了自己的使命，那就是帮助我的国家变得更加强大。这就是我现在的梦想。我认为西方人对他们的未来没有明确的目标，这使得他们的学习生活压力更小。

Kelly Zhang: As I grew up, the more I experienced, the bigger my dreams became. After I'd worked at the World Bank for a couple of years, I had my own mission, which was to help my nation grow stronger. That's my current dream. I think western people don't have the same clear goals for their future, which makes their school life less pressured.

戴三才：我完全同意。中国人的职业目标比西方人要具体得多。尽管如此，我们必须谨慎地承认，能够实现他们的金钱和职业梦想的中国人，只是其中的精英，而不是大多数。

Zak Dychtwald: I absolutely agree. In China there are far more concrete career goals than in the West. Although, we have to be careful to acknowledge that Chinese people who can achieve their financial and career dreams, are only the elite, not the majority.

张佳琪：是的，但这些精英将在未来影响大多数人。你首先需要一个人们实现梦想的榜样，然后它就会传播开来。我认为中国人都有雄心壮志，这就是中国快速发展的原因。

Kelly Zhang: Yes, but these elites are going to influence the majority in the future. You need the model of people achieving their dreams first and then it will spread out. I think Chinese people are very ambitious, which has contributed to China growing dramatically.

而这背后的驱动力正是中国梦。每个人都有一个中国梦去实现，去过更好的生活，正如我从美国和英国回国来实现我的中国梦。中国人很爱他们的祖国，我有许多朋友放弃了他们在华尔街的地位，回到祖国来做一些更有意义的事情。

The drive behind this is the Chinese dream. Everyone has a Chinese dream; to achieve, to live a better life. I returned back from U.S. and UK to achieve my Chinese dream. I also feel that Chinese people love their country. Many of my friends have given up their Wall Street 'big titles' to return to China, so they can do something meaningful.

戴三才：我赞同你的观点，如果你观察过教育的流动性，你会发现过去留学生从耶鲁这样的学校毕业的时候，他们都想留在美国。现在，从美国或英国大学毕业的学生中，大约有70%到80%都回到了中国。年轻人认为国内机会比国外大得多。

Zak Dychtwald: I agree. If you look at education flows, previously when people graduated from schools like Yale, they would try to stay. Now about between seventy to eighty percent of students who graduate from American or UK universities are actually returning home. Young people perceive opportunities at home as far greater than they are abroad.

张佳琪：中国有很多机会，中国也一直在做很多创新的事情，政府也提供了许多很好的政策来鼓励海外留学的人回国发展。

Kelly Zhang: There are lots of opportunities in China as it has become more innovative and the government has great policies to encourage educated people back home.

戴三才：毫无疑问，中国正在经历一场令人难以置信的财富创造浪潮。创新、改变、增长，这些发生得速度之快是你在其他任何国家都感受不到的。

Zak Dychtwald: There's no doubt that there's an incredible surge of wealth creation happening in China. Innovation, change, growth, all at paces that you just don't see anywhere else in the world.

China Focus：你们都提到了中国人为祖国取得成功感到非常自豪。你认为是否其他国家的年轻人也有同样的自豪感?

You've both stated Chinese people feel a great sense of pride in helping their country succeed. Do you think other country's young people feel the same sense of pride?

 

戴三才：我认为在西方，我们正面临一场身份认同危机。这并不是说我不是一个自豪的美国人。毫无疑问，我们现在正处于关键时刻。我们不确定自己是谁。我们选举的这一位总统想让美国再次伟大，这几乎是默认了美国已经不再伟大的事实。我在中国的朋友们，这些年轻人认为他们的国家正在以前所未有的速度变得伟大。

Zak Dychtwald: I think in the West we're in a bit of an identity crisis. I'm a proud American but there is no doubt that we're at a point right now where we aren't sure who we are. In America, we voted in a president on the idea of "making America great again", which is a tacit admission that we don't think we're so great. My friends in China believe that their country is becoming great now at a pace and scale that is unprecedented in modern history.

我认为，美国人对自己在世界舞台上的角色越来越感到困惑，在中国崛起的背景下，“美国人卓越”的理念正在受到质疑。

I think Americans are increasingly confused about their role on the world stage and the idea of "American excellence" is being called into question, at a time when there is a sense of China's rise.

China Focus: 你们怎么看待中国如今在世界舞台上的角色?

What do you think is China's role in the world right now?

张佳琪：我在世界银行工作期间，亲身感受到了中国对世界的影响。中国向世界银行等国际机构投入了数十亿美元的资金，这些资金已被分配并投资于许多新兴市场。中国在全球的贡献越来越大。

Kelly Zhang: I have worked at the World Bank and experienced first-hand China's impact on the world. China puts billions and billions into international organizations like World Bank and that money has been distributed and invested in many emerging markets. China is contributing more and more globally.

我非常自豪的是，中国一直在通过不同的渠道，比如其他公司或国际组织，在这些新兴市场进行大量的投资。

I'm very proud that China is involved in lots of great initiatives and is investing in emerging markets through different vehicles, corporations and international organizations.

▲ 中国建造的铁路改变了东非，坦桑尼亚-赞比亚铁路公司的员工在摆姿势拍照。【图/新华社】

Chinese-built railways transform eastern Africa, Employees of Tanzania-Zambia Railway pose for photographs. [Photo/Xinhua]

戴三才：中国正在提供一种与众不同，行之有效的方式，可以真正替代由美国为主导的国际机构。现在这些都是投资手段，而不是做慈善。但有趣的是当我们观察美国与非洲等地区的关系时会发现，很多关系都是建立在外国援助的基础上的。然而中国与大部分非洲国家的关系都建立在投资或贸易往来的基础上。

Zak Dychtwald: What China's doing differently and effectively, is offering real alternatives to U.S.-led international institutions. Now these are investment vehicles, not charity. But what's interesting is when looking at the U.S.'s relationship with areas, like Africa, a lot of those relationships were based on foreign aid. China however, with those same African countries, has a relationship based on investment or mutual trade.

张佳琪：就如习近平主席所说，中国正在构建一个人类命运共同体。

Kelly Zhang: As President Xi Jinping mentioned, China is creating a shared future for humanity.

戴三才：我们谈了有关中美的许多事，但中国正在做的远不止这些。中国正在打造经济和政治的枢纽和辐射模式，并且在这一点上做得非常好，特别是在“一带一路”倡议下。中国在政治和经济上的作用，使其在“一带一路”地区以及全球范围内都至关重要。所以中国政治经济的兴衰发展，会影响到所有参与其中的国家。在这个方案中，中国最成功的一点是，将确保与其合作的所有国家都可以长期受益。

Zak Dychtwald: We talk a lot about, the United States and China, but China's doing something far bigger than that. China is doing a very good job of creating a sort of hub and spoke model of economic and political dependencies, particularly with Belt and Road. So, what China is doing both politically and economically is making its role in the region and the world absolutely essential, so that China's economic and political survival and thriving will have positive or negative impacts on all of the countries that are involved with it. One of China's greatest successes or successful aspects of this plan is making sure to benefit in the long term the countries that it's working with.

China Focus: 对于想要在这个日益充满挑战的世界取得成功的千禧一代，你有什么建议?

What advice would you give to young people who are looking to succeed in this increasingly challenging world?

张佳琪：我想对年轻人说，未来掌握在你们手中，所以只有天空是你的极限，你会是最出色的。

Kelly Zhang: I would say to young people that the future is in your hands. The sky is your limit, so be the best you can be!

戴三才：我想说两件事，首先，良好的人际关系建立在良好的沟通中。中国人民为了解英语世界付出了巨大的努力，他们了解我们的文化，了解我们的立场。他们将会在未来和我们竞争，我希望西方人也能做出类似的努力来了解中国的年轻一代。

Zak Dychtwald: I'd say, firstly, good relationships are based on understanding. Chinese people have made an enormous effort to understand the English-speaking world. They have made an enormous effort to learn from us, to understand our culture and to understand what we stand for. They're also going to be competing with us going forward, so my hope is that westerner's make a similar effort to understand who this young generation is in China.

第二点是做你热爱的事情，并时刻准备去奋斗。因为在中国，有整整一代人有着令人难以置信的职业道德，他们开始做自己喜欢做的事情，并开始变得更有动力。

Secondly, do what you love and be ready to work at it. There is this whole generation in China who has this incredible work ethic and is beginning to do what they love and is beginning to be more purpose-driven.

我们既要迎接挑战，也要在相互理解的基础上共同努力。未来也许是你的，但你必须做好准备，为之努力，为之献身。

We need to rise to challenges but also work together based on mutual understanding. The future might be yours but you have to be ready to work for it and commit to it.

编辑注(Editor's Note)：

习近平主席把“中国梦”定义为“实现中华民族伟大复兴，就是中华民族近代以来最伟大梦想”。

President Xi Jinping describes "Chinese Dream" as "realizing the great renewal of the Chinese nation is the greatest dream for the Chinese nation in modern history."

来源 / China Focus

责任编辑：柴晶晶