中共十九大将为中缅关系开辟更加美好的未来

中国驻缅甸大使 洪亮

The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China

Ushers in a Brighter Future of China-Myanmar Relations

By H. E. Mr. Hong Liang, Chinese Ambassador to Myanmar

    2017年10月18日至24日，中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会在北京成功举行，这是对中国和世界都有深远影响的一次重要会议。会议的主题是：不忘初心、牢记使命，高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，决胜全面建成小康社会，夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利，为实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦不懈奋斗。会议确立了习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，全面规划了到本世纪中叶建设富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国的路线图和时间表，为实现中华民族伟大复兴提供了行动指南。

    From 18 to 24 October 2017, the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) was successfully held in Beijing. It is a meeting of great importance that has profound influence on China and the rest of the world. The theme of the Congress is: remain true to our original aspiration and keep our mission firmly in mind, hold high the banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, secure a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, strive for the great success of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era and work tirelessly to realize the great Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation. The Congress establishes Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, outlines the roadmap and schedule for developing China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious and beautiful by the middle of the century and provides a guideline to achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.  

会议首先全面总结了中共十八大以来中国改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的历史性成就。指出过去五年来，中国经济保持中高速增长，国内生产总值从五十四万亿元增长到八十万亿元，稳居世界第二，对世界经济增长贡献率超过百分之三十，人民生活不断改善。全面深化改革取得重大突破，民主法治建设迈出重大步伐，生态文明建设成效显著，强军兴军开创新局面。中国特色大国外交全面推进，中国国际影响力、感召力、塑造力进一步提高，为世界和平与发展作出新的重大贡献。

    The Congress reviews the historical achievements made in reform, opening-up and socialist modernization since the 18th National Congress. Over the past five years, Chinese economy has maintained a medium-high growth rate. With the gross domestic product rising from 54 trillion to 80 trillion yuan (8 trillion to 12 trillion US dollars), China has maintained its position as the world’s second largest economy, contributed more than 30 percent of global economic growth and improved people’s livelihood. We have made major breakthroughs in deepening reform, taken major steps in developing democracy and the rule of law, made notable progress in building an ecological civilization and initiated a new stage in strengthening and revitalizing the armed forces. We have made all-round efforts in the pursuit of major country diplomacy. With this, we have seen a further rise in China’s international influence, ability to inspire, and power to shape; and China has made great new contributions to world peace and development.

习近平总书记在会议上所作报告指出，中国特色社会主义进入了新时代，这是中国发展新的历史方位。中国特色社会主义进入新时代，意味着近代以来久经磨难的中华民族迎来了从站起来、富起来到强起来的伟大飞跃，迎来了实现中华民族伟大复兴的光明前景；意味着科学社会主义在二十一世纪的中国焕发出强大生机活力，在世界上高高举起了中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜；意味着中国特色社会主义道路、理论、制度、文化不断发展，拓展了发展中国家走向现代化的途径，给世界上那些既希望加快发展又希望保持自身独立性的国家和民族提供了全新选择，为解决人类问题贡献了中国智慧和中国方案。

    As stated in the report delivered by the General Secretary Xi Jinping at the Congress, socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, which is a new historic juncture in China’s development. It means that the Chinese people who have overcome numerous challenges in the past century has stood up, grown rich, and is becoming strong with brilliant prospects of rejuvenation to embrace. It means that scientific socialism is full of vitality in 21st century China, and that the banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics is now flying high and proud for all to see. It means that the path, the theory, the system, and the culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics have kept developing, blazing a new trail for other developing countries to achieve modernization. It offers a new option for other countries and nations who want to speed up their development while preserving their independence; and it offers Chinese wisdom and a Chinese approach to solving the problems facing mankind.

关于进入新时代的中国外交，十九大报告提出坚持和平发展道路，推动建设新型国际关系，构建人类命运共同体。中国将恪守维护世界和平、促进共同发展的外交政策宗旨，坚定不移在和平共处五项原则基础上发展同各国的友好合作，推动建设相互尊重、公平正义、合作共赢的新型国际关系。构建人类命运共同体的提出，基于中国对世界形势和时代主题的判断。我们认为，当今世界和平发展大势不可逆转，同时人类面临许多共同挑战，没有哪个国家能够独自应对人类面临的各种挑战，也没有哪个国家能够退回到自我封闭的孤岛。各国人民应同心协力，构建人类命运共同体，建设持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁荣、开放包容、清洁美丽的世界。

    In terms of China’s diplomacy for a new era, the report proposes that we should follow a path of peaceful development and work to build a new form of international relations and a community of a shared future for mankind. China will uphold its fundamental foreign policy goal of preserving world peace and promoting common development. China remains firm in its commitment to strengthening friendship and cooperation with other countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, and to forging a new form of international relations featuring mutual respect, fairness, justice, and win-win cooperation. The proposal of building a community of a shared future for mankind is based on the basic judgement made by China with regard to the world situation and the theme of the era. We believe that peace and development remain irreversible trends in the world, but as human beings we also have many common challenges to face. No country can address alone the challenges facing mankind; no country can afford to retreat into self-isolation. People from all countries should work together to build a community of a shared future for mankind, to build an open, inclusive, clean, and beautiful world that enjoys lasting peace, universal security, and common prosperity.

十九大报告指出，中国坚定奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，尊重各国人民自主选择发展道路的权利，维护国际公平正义，反对把自己的意志强加于人，反对干涉别国内政，反对以强凌弱。中国决不会以牺牲别国利益为代价来发展自己，也决不放弃自己的正当权益，任何人不要幻想让中国吞下损害自身利益的苦果。中国奉行防御性的国防政策。中国发展不对任何国家构成威胁。中国无论发展到什么程度，永远不称霸，永远不搞扩张。对周边国家和发展中国家，要按照亲诚惠容理念和与邻为善、以邻为伴周边外交方针深化同周边国家关系，秉持正确义利观和真实亲诚理念加强同发展中国家团结合作。加强同各国政党和政治组织的交流合作，推进人大、政协、军队、地方、人民团体等的对外交往。

    The report points out that China remains firm in pursuing an independent foreign policy of peace. We respect the right of the people of all countries to choose their own development path. We endeavor to uphold international fairness and justice, and oppose acts that impose one’s will on others or interfere in the internal affairs of others as well as the practice of the strong bullying the weak. China will never pursue development at the expense of others’ interests, but nor will China ever give up its legitimate rights and interests. No one should expect us to swallow anything that undermines our interests. China pursues a national defense policy that is in nature defensive. China’s development does not pose a threat to any other country. No matter what stage of development it reaches, China will never seek hegemony or engage in expansion. With regard to neighboring countries and other developing countries, China will deepen relations with its neighbors in accordance with the principle of amity, sincerity, mutual benefit, and inclusiveness and the policy of forging friendship and partnership with its neighbors. China will, guided by the principle of upholding justice while pursuing shared interests and the principle of sincerity, real results, affinity, and good faith, work to strengthen solidarity and cooperation with other developing countries. We will strengthen exchanges and cooperation with the political tarties and organizations of other countries, and encourage people’s congresses, the military, local governments, and people’s organizations to engage in exchanges with other countries.

上述外交思想对指导当前和今后中缅友好交流合作具有重大现实指导意义。中缅有着2200多公里共同边界线，两国人民的“胞波”情谊源远流长，两国是休戚与共的友好邻邦和命运共同体。当前缅甸国家和人民最渴望的是实现民族和解与持久和平，促进发展和改善民生，中国作为“胞波”兄弟愿鼎力相助，同时希望缅甸各党各派团结一心，精诚合作，共同建设好、发展好自己的国家。十九大报告将“一带一路”合作作为中国经济建设和全方位外交布局的釉要组成部分，这正是帮助缅甸实现国家发展美好愿景的重要机遇。今年5月，在两国领导人共同见证下，中缅两国政府签署了共建“一带一路”合作文件。中缅共建“一带一路”得到了缅甸政府、军方、各党各派以及社会各界的大力支持，是当前和今后一个时期中缅合作的主线和重要平台。具体而言，中缅共建“一带一路”就是要共建和平之路、发展之路、民生之路。

    The above diplomatic philosophy is of great practical significance to guide our future friendly exchanges and cooperation between China and Myanmar. With a common border of over 2,200 kilometers, China and Myanmar enjoys long-lasting Pauk-Phaw friendship. We are friendly neighbors that share weal and woe, and a community of a shared destiny. Currently, Myanmar and its people aspire to achieve national reconciliation and everlasting peace, promote development and improve people’s livelihood, for which China stands ready to offer help. We also hope that Myanmar’s political parties can unite with one mind and cooperate in good faith to build and develop Myanmar hand in hand. The report highlights the Belt and Road Initiative cooperation as an important component of China’s economy development and diplomacy, which is an important opportunity for Myanmar to join the cooperation and materialize its vision of national development. In May 2017, our two governments signed the MOU on jointly pushing forward the Belt and Road Initiative, which was witnessed by leaders of the two countries. The Belt and Road Initiative is strongly supported by the Myanmar Government, Tatmadaw, political parties and people from all walks of life, which is the main platform for China-Myanmar cooperation for now and future. To be specific, pushing forward Belt and Road Initiative in Myanmar is to jointly build the road for peace, for development and for welfare of the people.          

——和平之路，曙光初现。“一带一路”首先是和平之路，这是中缅两国共同的事业。十九大报告提出，“要坚持以对话解决争端，以协商化解分歧”，在这一思想的指引下，中方积极为促进缅甸和平和解事业发挥建设性作用。中方设立了中国外交部亚洲事务特使，积极劝和促谈。双方成立了中缅外交国防2+2高级别磋商机制，共同维护中缅边境地区和平稳定。在中方积极协助和推动下，今年5月缅北7支民地武赴内比都参加了第二次“21世纪彬龙和平会议”，日前缅政府和平委员会代表团成功访问佤邦和掸邦第四特区。中方预祝即将于明年1月召开的第三次“21世纪彬龙和平会议”取得圆满成功，支持缅甸有关各方秉持“彬龙精神”开展友好协商，最终达成在联邦宪法框架下民族团结和高度自治的共识，早日实现长治久安。

 The road for peace. First and foremost, the Belt and the Road is the road for peace, which is the common enterprise of China and Myanmar. The report proposes that“we should commit to settling disputes through dialogue and resolving differences through discussion”, by which China is guided to play a constructive role in promoting national peace and reconciliation of Myanmar. The Chinese government has appointed the special envoy for Asian affairs who has been making efforts to encourage dialogue among relevant parties for peace. The China-Myanmar 2+2 High-level Consultations mechanism between Foreign Ministries and Defence Ministries has been established with the aim to jointly safeguard and promote peace and stability of China-Myanmar border areas. With the assistance by China, seven ethnic Armed Organizations from northern Myanmar attended the second Union Peace Conference--21st Century Panglong in May 2017 and the Myanmar Peace Commission delegation visited Wa and the special region-4 of the Shan state recently. China wishes the third Union Peace Conference--21st Century Panglong to be held in coming January a full success, and supports relevant parties to adhere to the “Panglong Spirit” by conducting friendly negotiations to reach political consensus featuring national unity and high degree of autonomy under the framework of the constitution, in a bid to achieve sustainable peace and lasting stability at an early date.

 ——发展之路，繁荣与共。十九大报告提出，“要同舟共济,促进贸易和投资自由化便利化,推动经济全球化朝着更加开放、包容、普惠、平衡、共赢的方向发展。”作为缅甸最大的贸易伙伴和最大外资来源国，中方愿根据缅甸国家发展规划和实际需要，做好战略对接，与缅方共同探讨建设北起中国云南，经中缅边境南下至曼德勒，然后再分别向东西延伸到仰光新城和皎漂经济特区的中缅经济走廊。共同确保中缅油气管道顺利运营，推动皎漂经济特区尽快启动，共建两国边境经济合作区，加快两国道路互联互通以及电网联通，开展伊江治理，建设仰光新城，不断为缅甸的繁荣与发展注入新的动力。

    The road for development. The report proposes that “we should stick together through thick and thin, promote trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, and make economic globalization more open, inclusive, and balanced so that its benefits are shared by all”. As Myanmar’s biggest trading partner and foreign investor, China is willing to work with Myanmar to, in accordance with Myanmar’s national development plan and actual needs, discuss the construction of China-Myanmar Economic Corridor from Yunnan, China in the north through China-Myanmar border to Mandalay in the south and then extending east and west respectively to the Yangon New City and the Kyaukphyu Special Economic Zone (SEZ). China would also like to work with Myanmar to ensure the smooth operation of China-Myanmar Oil & Gas Pipeline, launch Kyaukpyu SEZ project at an early date, establish China-Myanmar Border Economic Cooperation Zone, enhance the connectivity of roads and railways and electricity infrastructures, undertake comprehensive management of Irrawaddy River, and construct Yangon New City. All these cooperation projects will surely inject new impetus to the development and prosperity of Myanmar.

——和平发展，相辅相成。中国发展经验表明，和平是实现发展的前提和保障，发展是促进和平的手段和基础。中方这一思路正在帮助缅甸解决若开邦问题上得到实践。中方始终秉持公正客观的立场，支持缅方维护若开邦和平稳定所做努力。前不久，中国王毅外长分别访问孟加拉国和缅甸，提出了孟、缅双方均接受的分三阶段解决若开邦问题的“中国方案”，即第一阶段实现停火止暴，恢复稳定秩序，使民众得享安宁，不再流离失所。第二阶段是各方及国际社会共同鼓励缅甸和孟加拉国双方保持和加强沟通，通过平等友好协商尽快找到解决问题的可行途径。中方赞赏缅孟双方近日就遣返逃缅入孟人员签署协议，希望双方尽快付诸实施，取得可视成果。第三阶段是直面问题根源，探讨治本之策。贫困是产生动荡和冲突的根源。中方支持缅方在若开邦以脱贫带动发展，以发展实现稳定，并愿为此作出自己的贡献。中方真诚希望，随着在“三阶段”方案向前推进，若开邦能早日实现族群和谐、社会稳定和经济发展。

    The Road for Peace and the road for development are complementary to each other. The experience of China’s development shows that peace is the precondition of development and development is the way to achieve peace. This notion has been applied by China to help Myanmar to address the issue of Rakhine State. China has taken a just and objective position on this issue, supporting Myanmar in its endeavor to safeguard peace and stability of the Rakhine State. Not long ago, Chinese Foreign Minister visited Bangladesh and Myanmar respectively, during which he proposed a 3-phase solution to address the issue of Rakhine State: In the first phase, the on-site ceasefire and violence should be called for and social stability should be resumed so that the people can live in peace without being homeless. In the second phase, all parties and the international community should jointly encourage Myanmar and Bangladesh to keep in touch and strengthen communication so as to find out feasible approaches to this issue through friendly consultation on an equal footing as quickly as possible. China appreciates the arrangement on repatriation which has been signed by Myanmar and Bangladesh recently and hopes that this arrangement can be implemented as soon as possible to achieve visible results. In the third phase, the priority should be given to the strategies to address the root cause of this issue. China believes that poverty is the root cause of turbulence and conflicts and calls for supports and investment to this area to promote development through poverty alleviation and achieve stability through development. China is willing to make contributions to this end and play its due role and believes that the 3-phase solution will bring ethnic harmony, social stability and economic development to the Rakhine State at an early date.

——民生之路，幸福安康。十九大报告提出，要秉持正确义利观加强同发展中国家团结合作。为此，近年来中方在缅实施了一系列教育、卫生、救灾等民生项目，目的就是让缅甸人民从中缅友好合作中多获益。2015年，缅甸遭受50年不遇的特大洪灾，中方第一时间向缅方施以援手，以实际行动诠释了“天灾无情人有情、胞波有难兄弟帮”真谛。中方向缅方援助抗击H1N1流感疫苗，派出“光明行”医疗队2年累计为缅民众进行6000余例免费白内障手术。中方还在缅兴建近20所中缅友谊学校，向上千名学子发放中缅友谊奖学金/助学金，每年向缅提供2000多个赴华留学培训名额，用实际行动不断丰富“胞波”友谊的内涵。

    The road for welfare of the people. The report stresses that China will uphold justice while pursuing shared interests so as to enhance the cooperation with developing countries. China has launched a series of livelihood promotion projects in Myanmar in order to bring more benefits to the Myanmar people. In 2015, China was the first to lend a helping hand to Myanmar when the country was hit by the worst flood in 50 years. What we have done proves that though the nature is merciless, there is always love and help from Pauk-Phaw brothers. Last year China provided humanitarian assistance to Myanmar people when the country suffered from H1N1 epidemic. China also dispatched Brightness Journey medical teams to Myanmar to undertake free cataract surgeries for 6000 patients in the past two years. Besides that, China has built nearly 20 China-Myanmar Friendship Schools all around the country, and China-Myanmar Friendship Scholarships have been awarded to thousands of Myanmar students. At the same time we provide more than 2000 training opportunities for Myanmar each year to support the country’s talent-training efforts.   

  十九大报告指出，中国共产党人永远把人民对美好生活的向往作为奋斗目标。中缅两国人民对美好生活的向往就是我们两国合作的奋斗目标。相信在这一共同目标的指引下，缅甸的和平之路、发展之路、民生之路将越走越宽、越走越顺。让我们以更加稳健的步伐携手同行，为中缅关系开辟更加美好的未来！

 The report by General Secretary Xi Jinping at the Congress reiterates that the aspirations of the people to live a better life must always be the focus of our efforts. Likewise the aspirations of the peoples of China and Myanmar to live a better life must always be the focus of the cooperation between our two counties. I believe that under the guidance of this common goal, Myanmar’s road for peace, for development and for welfare of the people will be even broader and more smooth and China-Myanmar relations will be steadily moving towards a brighter future. 

责任编辑：柴晶晶